. dcseiis egufficiem‘;-after‘ taking it, treatment of red water; and when scouring ii i . iiifiienly -astlirected in the treatment, of scourin ’ c.f3_er'seauter:ng.,p::'I?he-swollen udder___requir _ ‘v the animal, ,unless'reli.e'f=’_is affords . ,, -sing. the instrument named a pr it ding outthe conitincd air.“ Ass 7% , AGRICULTURE," ac. ' [From the Philadelphia AlZmm.] A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE DISEASES OF CATTLE. The internal disorders of cattle may with pro- riety be divided into two classes. _ . First, those of the organs subservient to (ll- gcestion and chylification ; secondly, those of the ea.nguil‘erous system, or blood vessels. The former may be cured by means of the three sun- pl[cp1'osc1‘iptions I have alluded to; the latter by the ileum. In both, however, the animal’s diet an object of the greatest importance, for to --.t=hat purpose wvould it be to remove the accu- mulated matter which occasions the disordered state of the digestive organs, where the animal still kept on the same diet which produced it; or what benefit could be expected from relieving the. vital organs when oppressed by a. redundan- cy of blood, if the animal were afterwards al- lowed to feed at pleasure, and form as muchbloocl ag:.2.in, in a short time, as tl1a.t which had been t‘.ll‘E;'-N11 oil‘? in the treatment of the disorders of cattle, at- tention to feeding is an essential object, and is mpially, or more important, as a means of pre- vcr-.tion_: for it is not too much to assert, that nearly all their disorders originate in improper management as to feeding. A morbid suscepti- bility, or a predisposition to disease, may be pro- pagated by negligence in breeding, and may be pijrsaluced by taking animals from their. native soil andclimate, and placing them in colder sit- natimis; for cold and moisture are often power- ful agents in lessening the vital power, and cs- peciizlly that of the digestive organs. Still the fwisacipal, and often the immediate cause of‘ their 3 :~i:;‘i‘L‘le1‘, is improper feeding. The most fruitful -:5-:-m‘ce of disease in cattle, and especially milcli cows, is bad hay,”-‘ and even such as by many cr_r;i?f.de1'cd tolerably good. The fibrous parts of Eiill'.‘l.l hay gradually accumulate between the lcmcs of the tl1ircl,,or foliated stomach; here they are compressed from time to time, and be- iéoine matted together, and being detained by nun'zcrous papillae, with which the surface of the losses is covered, produces at length a morbid cc-nditioil of the fourth stomach, and often of the bowels also. ‘ The most common symptom of this state of the digestive organs is named the :l,':€v.l€lt'!,Z1)8'.' from the milk in one of the quarters. of th.-;_ udder becoming of a yellow color, and .=-1.r?::1gy, as it is termed, that is, niixed with small filamentous coagula, or curds, often otlbnsive in smell and taste, and sometimes streaked with ‘blood. The acrimony of the milk causes a riweliiiig and hardening of the quarter ; and un- less it is drawn off‘ several times a-day, it often soinfiames the cellular texture of the udder as to terminate in-suppuration, and an obliteration of the receptacle, or quarter, asit is commonly named. ‘The 0 enin fdrench never tells of cu"- ring__th‘1s' disor cr,,i_l.. given in,-_sca‘son, and one _ _ the animal must bekept at grass, as that food. and the ex- ercise used in obtaining it, is €‘.SSe11i.l€Ll to her i4e~ c:;:'.'er}’~ In higher degrees of this disorder, where the cow ceases to ruminatc, or chew the cud, where. the appetite goes oil", and the mi :?alincstenti1*elg.rlosti11 all the q1lZi.i‘i1€‘.1‘S, the clrench should be assisted by whey, directed in the succeeds, the cordial astringent clrr-:~ucl1 must be ,8’ __ _ y _ _ _ as only '"t_h’e1l.,3.-ppllcation of..I5’W‘eet-foil, or foot oil. 7 -‘ L37V7he'nfcattle _ are turned suddenly ‘into good pastur'e;i-jthjey "sometimes fill the _rumen -or paunch solfieistily, and so distend it,'that,it is I’e1'l€l€1“<3d i11lCflp‘3:'ble';of returning tliefood to the mouth for rumination". Fermentatiozi tl_1cn'talte;-3 place, by which _'mucl_1_ "air is geiierated, and -the distention soon‘ becpcines, such; as to ’-suflbcace obang, and" 1‘et,.' con as“. tl1is_,.. hm, j-.4-A-at cl by introdu- 5 "unwho1e‘s¢;ne water is often, _n _canse bi‘ dis» been done the opening drench must be given, and the animal turned into a bare pasture, where she must be for some time attended, and have the fermenting food removed from the mouth as it is-' thrown up ; xvithout thisprecaution it may be rumiuatcd, and again swallowed, and the third and fourth stomach so filled with it as to produce: the llatulcnl; colic, and a fatal inflam- mation of the st.omacl1,anr.l bowels, from exces- sive distention of the air which would be gen- erated, for in those cavities air could not escape upwards in consequence of their valvular struc- ture. Should this fresh disorder, tlirough neg- ligence, be permitted to happen, the opening drench is still the best remedy that can be em- ployed. Another method is sometimes made use OE for relieving an animal in this disorder, which is commonly named Fmven, blown, or blastctlfl‘ that is, a shar knife is plunged through the left side into. the cllstcnded rumcn, or lirst stomach. The part where it is most prominent is chosen, viz: between the last rib and the hip bone; and always on the left side. 'The air being thus completely let out, the "wound is closed by a pitch plaster, and the animal turned into,a bare pasture,'wl1erc= it may get plcnty‘oi' exercise,a1ul little food, that is, after the fer- menting food has been removed from the iriouth as before described. — This method, however, is eventually injurious, and must be superseded by that of introducing a probang, and letting out the confined air by the mouth; a nicthod first proposed by D_r..Muuroc. The wound in the rumen, as it heals, always adheres to the side, and thus a regular contraction of the cavity is ever alterwards prevented, and rumination thereby reiulered difficult and imperfect. Some- times when an animal is turned into good grass, especially about the month of August and Sep- tember, when the grass is high and abundant, from having been well watered, they eat a great deal during both day and night, but not so much as to hinder ruxnination. Thus they gradually fill all thcstoniaclis, and towards morning he- come so oppressed, that they lie down on the cold grass, which is,’perl1aps, wet or covered with l1oarl'rost. Digestion is thus put a stop to, and the animal often sufl'ocat.ed by the exces- sive distentions of t.hc'st.omac11s. In this disor- der, which is commonly called fog sickness, the probang must be introduced, and the opening drench given. The animal must then be made to move if possible, and the food that is thrown up into the mouth must be removed. Here, also, a bare pasture necessary afterwards ; no other medicine is reiluircd ; but a free access to water is necessary to soften and -carry 0fl'tl1(~>.' ab- cumulated food, and when this has been accom- plished, the cordial astringent drench may be necessary, ‘ morning and evening, for‘ two ‘or three days, torestore the tone" of the injured stomachs zuuil bowels; It is probable, l1owe‘vci', that ._this would be? more efibctually, though‘ more slowly accomplished, by keeping the‘animi_tlf in a__bare pasture... .; _ * w. * ' Somctinles when the. animal is lie-pt, in rich pasture during. the month of‘Junc,v the vessels, and H1011 inll:i.mmation is some vital. organs, and nothing but the mostco- pious depletion of tlic blood vessels will save the animal’s life. The lungs are the part. most likely to stiller,‘ and next. the brain ancl the kid- neys: producing mad staggers, or the inflam- matory red water; andin steers or heifers, or in,ycarlings. the quarter illis thus produced. In all cases of internal inllainmation, the animal appears stupid and heavy.; the breathing is dis- turbed the nose and the upper lip hot . and dry '; the hcrnsl1_ot, eepccia.lly at the roots, amzl the vcsscls"oi' the eye distended. The pulse rises *1 have lately; been informed" that hov-en or blasted c_ai.tle have been quickly relieved "by giving i'(>ur»o.L1n_c”es oi‘ ca_rbonate’ol'_ soda, half a pint ‘of c_astor1oil, and a; pint of water." The , ifrcattle, especially milch cows._ ~ n appetite prevention. is powerful, uncl thedigestion quick and perfect, tors of cattle and thus, in a short time, so much rich blood is essays I._havew lkis formerl asto exceed the capacity of the blood ject, zmclygive A AMERICAN RAILROAD sJou1uv.aL. to above 100, and the appetite is usually lost. All these symptoms quic y increase, and unless the animal is properly treated, terminatefatally. Bleeding is the essential remedy, and must be performed as early as possible. The quantity of blood drawn should not be regarded, but the cl‘l'e_'.‘i. which is produced by it, thatis, faintness ; this gradually ceases, and after a few hourshe appears relieved and cheerful, and often desi- rous of food. But this must be given cautious- ly ; the barest pasture is the best place for him; but he may be allowed now and then aquart or two of fresh whey, which will serve to unload the stomachs and bowels. This remedy (bleed- ing to faintness,) always succeeds perfectly if employed in season, and followed by a suitable diet., In the month of September. and October, scouring often takes place, especially in animals predisposed to the disorder by hereditary weak- ness, ircquent. calviu , weakness of the stomach and bowels, gradua ly induced from several winters feeding on bad hay, Animals that hove been taken from their. native soil and cli- mate, are also subject to this disorder, as well as remarkably good milkcrs, and this is the pe- 'riod_when scouring generally commences. In this case the cordial astringent dreuchmust be given every morning and evening, as directed in the Compendium, but must always be preceded by the opening clreuch, at whatever period" the cliscase may occur. This ‘remedy, I have rea- son to believe, will always succeed, if employed in season, and if the time of year will admitof the animal being kept at grass. « In very cold and wet weather, when shelter must be taken advantage of’, for some grass and some exercise are essential to recovery ;* and when grass is deficient, either in quantity or quality, the best food is good hay, in moderate quantity, and mashes ofgood fresh bran with a a little ground malt. A handful of‘ wheat flour also may be stirred into each pail of water. In this way the a11i1nal_ may be, restored and strengtlicned; and when grass becomes nour- ishing, and the weather favorable, the green fields w_ill cfl'eetua1Iy recover her. Those are all internal disorders of cattle, except the con- tagious epidemic, named murrain, or pest, and the epidemic catarrh, named distemper, or in-. ll1.1'enza,. These are inflammatory disorders of the highest. degree, and if curable, as the latter always is, can. be cured only by the most. co- pious early bleeding.’ An absurd apprehension of fatal debility, and of the putrid nature of the disorder, must never prevent this remedy from being employed with boldness, nor should the animal ever be taken from grass, and the‘ open fields, as is often done in the epidemic catarrh. Contagion, however, must always be guarded against with the utmost care. Tonics and stimulants are poisons‘ in these disorders‘, and. bleeding and grass are the only reinedies ever requ_ire,d.__ Ighavc now endeavored to give 3. SimPl@,.13_11t.con1 reliensivc View of the internal disorders of V catt e,-and suchas may lead to their 1 indulge a -hope 1 that the proprie- may beled by;-this, and: the other ritten, to rcfléct"up’on_ thesub- a fair trial to the curative a1_1dpre- pro«:luc'e«:l in ventivc measures I have proposed. It should be .r€C0llfif‘-lzerl, however, that the success of the rcincclies I have suggested can be insured only by an early and careful application. Disorders. are oftenneglccted until they become incurable ;. are frequently had recourse to. In Downing’-s book on cattle inccluune, a pint of port ‘wi11cla.tI,c_1- a quart of strong beer are prescribed for. ' ’e= 4‘ I lrave lately b¢3e11_"Av—-—iIJ_,Af_'!i!«?1?»flL1;l’-id many scouring cows have been »cu'r‘jét1~ once or twice a day a -dA1"cn;_cghp._made by.-boihng three in three pints of skimmedlmilk, until reduce to"; a pulp. V _O_ne pint of'_.tl_1is'is a dose‘; and my c0rrespond‘éi1t,adds, that he has neverknown it to fail. -,'I,‘he cow IS ‘fed on the sweetest ,hay,_, person .wl1o_‘,ga;ve ‘me this inforination says, he ha_s-never known. this'._toVl_'ai_l. ' ’ -_ _‘ . ‘ , K ‘l5 .fiI1f:."_ '- and turned out "for exercise when the, w_ca_t_l1er; becomes necessary, intervals of fine wcatllcr-' and tlimi the most absurd and expensive drenches. - or four slieets of ‘large ,cornm_o1"1‘ writing pa er .