‘W4

A1iiEIiiCAN RAILROAfi Joonmn.

 

 
 
 

 

——- U U, Fluxseod, . - - - 1? 2 1
u M 9, § Bark, - . . . 74 .1 2 _ 0
   I E 3 Cotton Goods, — - - 99 4 1 9
"3 ‘P-°'S_‘X‘fi-,3‘-*3 2-Hg-figfig P‘ a Paper .. - . .  12 Q 0
3 S‘-’::.”*‘-”‘§°r==a°°‘ 3 S -‘ ~ 06113 3015
{J 5 ... .. :3‘ Q G, E 53 q ,.. Miscellaneous, . . ~ «-
r-~a 3.... G" ,_
:1 ca :<= - 2 2-; 2 <= --
:* ' - 5. ,6 Z." T()t11I, . . 29,445 18 2 21
9, v 3 55‘ _. ._.._
..._ ,.. .
H 1-: :7 5‘? Totril amount of Revenue $130,937 70
"“ "“"‘ """"""""' wwpwc‘ 83 Al" 69 '34 47
3 gg<51>gg§-gg;g;_1w,,,Omg H as Do. do. 1'4.~.pt}llSQ5 38 ,.i
<2: oocomoi U.'J¢.DI-*al¢DUVCIOl""‘n g '___ g In addition to the above there
I--‘ 1-4 1-4 -- 55 A "V co ‘ , f
,,,,_ 3 I,‘ _, 3:,‘ 5, ,.... (3 an .- o ca 0;» 5,‘ (.5 g H are the followiiig cliiirges or
»-3 g (L g l‘&‘}Jil.ll'P, VIL. .
o 10:3»-'<=*~""“*'9°"“"°“"°"_"_ g :3_r3_ By SuperintendantofConstruc-
33 EN;-5Em,.bggm:,_,,o$;n 5':  Btion,lor repairs 0I(;i:i}0;a1;:rOfLd,2,0G7 97
., . , .
N, . c _ ‘F 3. y the bupeiinteu t 0 ac i-
. r. N) is as as ‘o r-- , o_ .» -—~. . .
'3, ‘,3 ‘:3 .. o_ m an is :2 in. Jr 1% 33 5 <3: '3 riery, for repairs of carriages
.09 -P~0J'*»’“~<*=°°E°‘“3.°"‘ .« G - .~»407i 99 —
in ea or an on 1-: U1 U} a: 01 co r-- -2 _n g Q :2 and machinery. . 75 (W4 43
. m- an-.1->.~aoxtaoLo‘1 :~ 06° - H
i; $gQgg3:§3(,.:U1r-dU‘lUTl\9lC:”  am‘--7
ru , “ ,, .;, . -1
‘D °.°:‘‘'‘'‘9.-'§‘°3\'2;{,°é}§8§mc.,Sa 9} 3 _-- NctRevsnuo, $01,903 97
"“‘ °"‘°°«°““U"‘ oco~i2o:.;>= ‘ m
,i;. ~1co1.Jc._D<£H‘/331*: we ,_3 ,,_,._,y —-——————:-———--—
cn 0.‘!-l‘L"Eu€D-'l (Or-‘~!n'»~ - 3 0055 _ .
...i i..- 1-: i- 1-: 1-: U‘ mi '5 E3 -'1 L? {From Babbrigcfs Economy of Macliincry, g’~c.]
' . O <1 :* ‘ . . ~ . . ..
U’ M Q Q U‘ G‘ on #3“ i a   .» 1‘-in iniiniusis mo DIMINUTION or VELOLIIY.
I-'3 53 0° *-' N’ l" 9-" ° ”" 9 °° °°  ' 5 3,  The fatigue produced on the muscles of the hu.
3‘: w _‘ '5; 3 '5;  ,_, 3?, Q 0, 3 B 3 L ‘  E,‘ 3 man friime docs_not 8.il.0g;lilt:Il:)(l(1[)e!€|(i‘ on tiiphactfiinl
,1. _ F_ w _ ‘D; mm‘; H E» r’ _‘_<« 3 ,.5 loimeyoinployed in oricli cl ort, ut part y on . a re-
$ ,3 395 5'3 .4 '1? it» oa .— U! -.2 ca 1P-‘-‘_= 3 -;:.g quency with which it is exerted. The exertion no.
He =5=’~9‘~'-’°°".""".“*"°"""'“‘5'i ° "' ‘ 1' h’ t’ s' ts of
)F- ~11 N) o co to to M -.1 :2: an O1 <2 '11 g m E, censcry to acevonip is every opera ion con is
.9 U. m .;;. Q 3 $3 $3.; 5; 1:; 3 $5 .—- g 93 two parts: one of tliesois the cxpentliture of force
:17‘ ‘’ °° ”" °" —v— -4- 5‘ D which is necessary to drive the tool or instrument ;
3 3’; g -_\'g g 3 § g 3, 3 ‘g 5 ,9’; E_ i and the other is tlioeffort required for the motion
g3» 53 3113 g 3 g  fi g 3 ‘:3 K]: , ,4 53 - 3‘ some limb of the u.lll!1‘ll1i' producing the action.
‘ H ,;_, _, ,_._, Hg :3; ‘__ w. we take, as anraxample, the act of driving a nail in.
to to 158 on to ch 01 U010 r-' G1 I0 0.- "91 3 E. to 11 piece of wood, the first of these is, the propel.
- ** Q v- . . - '

"‘ ‘ NJ -~ t l n 1! ‘ the other
no O on w w ,9 O “M, ,0 N, ,,_, ,_,-3 S“ ‘E1 _ B _ ling the i1fllY}l1m6Tl1Bt1.(i againts ltgto that h! mm“ If
H H ,__,_:‘w __“_:,__;;  2 is, ralszngt 8 arm inor er. 0 I _ 6 I1 .

343 O: m 4 »--4 xi ~1 01 to on to ».— 4 c» the weight oftho hammer is considerable, the for.
3 .._,, K, U, 0, 09 Q Q0 __, ,;;_ ,9 :. if ,, 3 mar part will cause the_gre.atest portion of tho excr.
$3 fgf 23"  85 fgj  55  3  ,3, 3.5;: g 8 tion. If the l1i_1minoria light, the exertion ofmrs-
‘rt ‘3 " V-' '4 W "9 5‘ V‘ U‘ "l" C” " Q g 5. mg the arin will produce the greatest part of the
. . ,3 ~ ._ _,. _, .. . . . _
3; 33 pg 9, g 3 E 3 g ,3 ,5 _, 3,‘ g. , a fzitigiic. It does, therefore, happen, that operations
-—'""‘“‘“ i U) requiring very trifling force, iflrequently repeated,
J u u u I
c -* will tire more eflcctunll than more laborious work.
“>”“’>’““U2° 1 E 'm ' l d i dtb dl'hm
__¢g§_gg.=, ;;ig__g,.c,g_ (53 we ereiaason egreeo rapiiy eyon Vwnc c
'53 §‘~‘,_3_':= e';<: §_-,3 -c r: 9. goo , -5. 8% action of the muscles cannot be pressed. '
S‘ :01 ‘.'‘=’‘§£5Ei3' “’ 7:1 ‘~
;- 23-5‘ “ Q ‘:4 5;‘ gr § 3 3 - The most advantageous lead for a porter who car.
5‘ ' y" *1 *§_ 9* 3 ~ ries wood up stairs on his shoulders, has been inves-
9_ v  g‘ - tigated by M. Coulomb : but he found from cxpcri.
_. .__. o ‘“‘ 3 Ellcill. that it man walking up stairs without nnyload,
:33 c:~.:a::o-1c;iior.'2».'>.~i<‘o =1‘? 3 1’? d ' 1'] d b fy ‘H
3 5: gr, .2 E, g _.£ 3 as  S  «E 51; § $4.16 an raising us mr on y nieiiiis 0 us pwn wcig 1
,5 .1 .1 .2"; E. ,1. ,2. ,3 ,;~_ NJ .33 ,,~. .,-;_ ,~7 -‘ W  in (flesccnding, ccliuld po ask mucclli. work in oriehdpy
"" U ‘ :5 our men cm 0 or in t is or mar we wit t is
31° ::ioOC0r7J_€IJ~IUi(i:IOo3c\JX\9 .-.  2,, l P y y Y
en U! 6'} .-.-~. an o to on O: if- .12. on = - .. ca ., most favorable load.
r-- cnoi-Ac,-.»c.ii».c.::c.«:~i:oupc:x ca -.1 :7‘ V
O '9‘ H ’F‘ F‘ O ‘C’ G 00 W N O) Q 3" "'3 3 E16 The re ortion between the volocit with which
on CJ't10(i3t\DlO~I<i‘J ‘LOG-10) § 22 ‘;_,<: ‘ ,.p.p ‘ ’ ’ .’ y ’.
50 F ~ w «:7 :5 U! as -1 -q -- w -4 on . Q, :63 2 mun ()l‘lil11lllt).lS move, and the weights they carry, is
_ .. .. . . , .
E E: g ,3 33 E3 & g 3 Kg 53 :3 :5 gs :_ S  <1 iiliatter 0f;‘(I!0lisl(il(:l“11lJl(l) llnp{(':tl‘l.€i1lC!l,. prirtittzularlyfin
G, .,._v_ mu, ,;:,,_._ ,_,_, Pm 0, ,0 03 E3 8. 3 . ini itary a .‘tll'S. 18 n so «.1. great Lnpor once or
H‘ ‘ . D . .lf‘. eC(ll'l0lI'l 0 I3 l(lT 0 II NS 10 W91 l 0 la-
ci '\}\lTCLll\JC5lO)'-‘$Cl3!|i:~ S E] come: 1] y f1] ,1 dj 1:1]. ‘lg fut
M to Kkmw mg‘, m 3: $5; 7 _,. 3   port of the .nIiiin:il’s body which is moved, the
, e 3 D Q, weight of the tool it iii'ges. and the frcquniicy ol
09 ‘=3 ‘*3 039° ‘*9 ¢ 9’ ‘° 3° ‘°.."" l“  35 g ropetiti‘oi‘i of tllflee efforts, so as to produce the
1|; 5 00 K, ': §9. 1:’; ,__, ,0 Ca :5 3 3 3' ‘ § 3 E; greatest; effect. An instance of the saving oftime.
O, C, U, -5 o by niaikiug the siimeinotion of the arm execute two
_ 9- ,_ .. _ . . . ' * . . .
:3 E :3 "53    E zéi .3  E E: E; -°’ 3‘ E5 . operations instead of one, occurs in the simple art ol
3 c 2} K Si ‘$13 2% 3 cu oz $3 $52 53‘ 3' 5 making the tags ofboot laces : they are formed out
as cp 1:) 9; a; .4 a. U1 313 E; E1’ 3 cs 3, 55:‘; y ofvcry thin,tinned, slaeetiron, lllld.-WGl'0‘.f01‘m6l‘ly out
‘:3 l  “’ “ °"‘ ”" "‘ 0° , "T I f  3 outpoflong stripe oftliat material into pieces of such
. gt . EEK: 153:;-_»o-3yE;_m__mb U: E .1 A ‘:1 E " abrondili tlipt when bent round they Just enclosed
«.9 on c: c vi -3’ _«:» -av: co -4 as is». .. G [N 9, the lace. lwo pieces of steel have recently been
03 -€DO§C2il=- ADI’:-¢flO‘JO5Db-iii-.  E. I _. . _ ,. , _
-: or on 00 00 on co tn 2!» 00 -‘U1 U3 _m‘ ._i =- 9 « h.‘EO(i to the side of the slicers, by which each piece
5! 33 -3: gt 3'; 33 3 g; ; 3 3} I; g .5} ' 15- of tinned iron, as soon as it is cut, is _ bent into a

1832, inclusive:

Flour, 130,936 barrels,
Ifobacco,
Grain
Meal and Ground
Pork and Bacon,
Fire ‘Wood,
Granite. ‘
Paving Stones,
Red Ochre,
izipiip Stone,
Lime,
Iron,
Iron Ore, -
’I‘I.ardwa_re,
Leather, A
Ship Tiniber. and
Whiskey, 5

Stuli‘ i

.- .-

:-

Luriibcr,

.fl §.
.__. ..

Tons. cwt.

12,610 ill.

174 6,

352 .19

511 16"

28 13

’ 4,480 11 I

5.512 ‘4

1,549 I 7 1

171 16
70.11
1,199 12
1,5

65 2
130 18
V111 4
333: 7

73' 14,

q1"F|.li).‘1.
3 20

1. 13

1'13

0 4

1 21 .

i_.i ;{)'s..a‘

¢‘;OQ7C':i¢CD’.J

. tituyde of inacliincs, some of them very simple.

which produces the cut.
formed by women and children, and with the im.
proved tool more than three times the quantity of
tags is ‘produced in agititiilitimuff  ‘””‘”"'“’ 
Wliencver the work is itself light, it becomes no-
ccssary, in order to economize time, toincresso the
velocity. Twisitingtlie fibres ofwool by the fingers
would be :1 ll'lDBll,l.edlOll8()pG1’ifl.l.i0n :» in the common
spinning wheel the velocity of the foot is moderate,
but by a. very simple contrivance that of thoitliread
is most rapid. A piece of cat.gut passing‘ round :1
large wheel, and than round a small spindle, effects
t.his:chimge.' This contriviincc is common to it inul
In
large shops for the retail of ribiinds, it is necessary
at short intervals to “ take stock.” that is, to meas-
ure and re—wiiid every piece of riband, an operation
‘ which even with this mode of shortening-it, in soft}.

..-—...—-—_...._—.g

, tr Transactions ofthv Society of ,..i.,1a2e,

s‘orni—cylindric-al form. The additional power re-
The following is :1 statement of articles transport. quircd for this opcmtioii is zilinost imperceptible ;
ed ea.~rlwardl7/ on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, '"‘‘‘d l‘ 3“ 9’*""7“t"d' by the”-‘W19 m0il°.'1 Of “'0 3"“

from the 1st October, 1831, to the 30th September, The work is usually Per"

ciently tiresome, but without it would be almost ims
possible from its expense. The small balls of new-
ing cotton, so cheap and so beautifully wound. are

:1 few steps more complicated.

In turning from the smaller instruments in fro.
qiient use to the larger and more important machines.
the economy arising from the increase of velocity
become more V striking. In converting cast into
wrought iron, 11 mass ofmetnl of about a hundred
weight is lieated ulinost to a white heat, and placed
under a heavy hammer moved by water or steam
power. This is raised by a. projection on ii. revolv.
"mg axis; and if the hummer derived its momen-
tum only from the space through which it fell, it
would require 11 considerably greater time to give a
blow. But as it is important that the softened mass
of rcd hot iron should receive as many blows as pos.

uible before it cools, the term of the cam or projec-
tion on the axis is such, that, the hnnimer, instead

of being lifted to a. small height, is thrown up with
it jerk, and almost the instant after it strikes ngainnt
it large beam, which acts use powerful spring, and
drives it down on the iron with such velocity, that
by these means about double the number of strokes
can beinado in a given time.. In the smaller tilt-
hammers, this is carried still further: by striking
the tail ofthc t.ilt—hammer forcibly against ii small
steel anvil, it rebounds with such velocity, that
from three to five, hundred strokes are made in 9.
minute. _‘

- In the manufacture ofscythcs, the length of the
blade renders itneccssziry that the workman should
move readily, so as to bring every part on the anvil
in quick succession. This is effected by placing
him in :1 seat suspended by ropes from the ceiling:
so that he is enabled, with little bodily exertion, by
prcssingliisfeet against the block which supports
the anvil, to vary his distance to any required extent
In the manufacture of anchors, an art in which
this coiitrivrince is ofstill greater iinportancye, it has
only b'-on recently applied.

 
AGRICULTURE, &c.

 

To determine the Economy nfa Cow.-—-The unnu.

is from one acre to an acre and II lia1i"ii‘i'tbe summer.
and from (I. ton to II. ton rind xi half of hay in the.
winter. A cow may be allowed two peeks of car-
rots per day. The grass being cut and carried, will
ecnnomise it full one-third. The annual product of
'1 good fair dairy cow, during several months after
cnlving, and either in summer or winter, if duly fed
and kept in the liittor season, will be an average of
seven poundu of butter per week, from five to three
galloiis per day. Afterwards, a. weekly average of
three or four pounds of butter from liiircly halftlie
quantity of milk. It depends upon the constitution
uftlio cow, how nearly she may be milked to the
time of her calving. B01110 giving good milk until
within is week or two of that period. others rcquir-
ing to be dried eight or nine weeks previously.-—~
[Hereford Tiinos.]

 

[From Cobb’: Manual on the Cultivation of the Ilful.
' berry Tree—-conti-nucd from page 678.]
~ SI‘L'l'TiNG OUT S'l‘ANDARl) TREES.

~ It is an axiom in rurnl’ccoi1omv.that the greater
the (liSl£)l1TSelTit3!lt.:‘ill improving the land the greater
will be the proportional income." The land where the
trees are to be set, will be much better for the pur.
page if ploughed, hurrowcd and manured. The trees
may be three years old if taken from :1 rich soil, or’
four if from 11 poor soil ; they should be from four
to eight fe"t in height, and at least an inch in dis-
meter. The holes should be dug at about the same
distance from each other as for setting apple trees,
and be made eighteen inches deep and three or four
feet ir. diameter. The bottoms of these holes may

young tree should be placed in its proper range, as-
certaincd by a stake at each extremity of the line,
and it should be held there till its roots arewell opi-
vered with friable and well manured earth, freioiffrdm
stones, and must be well trodden dwopgn and watered
if necessary, ; a small cavity round tlib"'ate,m to retain
the rain is very proper. Two or three dressings a.
your with a hoe and mii.nurlng..occiisionally may be
of essential advantage. . it _ ‘
GIl.AF'1‘ll‘1_Cj AND BUDDING.
In grafting it is efiientiai to adapt the bark of the
scion at its extremity to the bark of the stock, and
to place the scion on the northerly side in order that‘.
it may be less exposed to be withered and dried by.

formed by a machine on the same principle, and but

0.] consumption of food per cow, if turned to grass, in

be covered with a few inches of fresh moul‘dJ"'” “Tiia-—-