ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 327
as . .
 Ristéiuce from llfcryical clescent bpeloyvtlr difference of level of {38:19ft. In this second
,,,,S,s_ “’,.n“,:"e,,h°S“ “G ,§,',“ct,,TI’,‘;3;‘,‘)‘,.f§.,:;’,_““‘ experiment the friction was “ riiirl ‘of
15 _ _ 4,950 _ _ 35,71 the weight, or 9.17 lbs. per 1.0111. sfcigtt 
16 _ _ 5,280 _ _ 36.17 sistance per ton was less in t 1e 1 L S
17 _ _ 5 610 _ _ 3644 than in the second. _ 4
’ . The warrons were then for the third
13 - - 5,940 - - 36.66 ,. ,3, c, b , , V_= ,, ,. 0 min,
19 _ _ 6,270 _ _ 36.80 lune long it act to no s at ingl 1. d,
20 _ _ 6,600 _ _ 36.92 and each of them_ wlzfts sulccesqivc y Sap]-
21 _ _ 6,930 _ _ 3706 sepzlnately left to use pn tig p ane,ra the
22 _ _ 77260 _ _ 37.14 Zpuglytlrggriii, W ion t 10y gar e
23 - - 7,590 - . 37.22 D " "‘ 
24 — — 7920 - — 37.37 *= 3 ‘ r 3 Cr 2 _ 
25 - - 3:250 - - 37.34  1: _g 3  F-3', “ 55,
26 - — 4 8,580 - . 37.63 ,5 g 7 5,,
27 - - 8,910 . - 37.92 _ _ _ __,
as - — 92,40 . . 38.14 . L '
29 — - 9,570 - - 33.35 _g 7‘ C,
30 - . 9,900 . — 33.54 T9,’ -“E "E “if. = * 
31 — — 10,230 - - 33.67 ,: *“*-'
33 - . 10,560 . — 33.77 . , ,1. ' ‘- '
33 . - 10,390 - — 33.92 §..- =“- v - - ~ -
34 . — 11,220 - - 39.03 3 g .; (‘D .0 0, 3 3 co
  . .. . s—~....,.8:*°?'“-~‘.:§~s“-
On the ground where the experiments constructed on that principle, they having Sea °"" in 2'8 EB fa: 7, 3
took place, a little beyond the foot of the been only meant as a trial,tl1e advantage of , 5 E _ 
inclined plane, the wagons had to cross which has not yet been confirmed by ex- _=g _ 3- 3- _ i“
three junction roads, each of them necessi- perience. 3 E5“ 1, -3 ‘
tating the passing over three switches, as L 0,, July 29, 1834, five wagons taken g S .5 3 pg :3 3 34 3
may be Seen lh hg- 24- This made lh eh at random, and loaded with bricks, were  =93.  ‘CL  E" E %
hlhe Swhehesi either 011 One Side Of the 1"n1llS brought to the spot fixed for the experiments ‘-73 5; ,€  to -, U’ '”
er the etheh Oh Peeelhg eeeh Of these Oh‘ by the SUN engine. The train was followed “'3 iii»-3 ;,_"., '
Sleeleea the Wegeh 1'eeelVed e leh hem the ed by a sixth empty wagon. The weight +3, . hr" " ‘
unevenness of the road, and their velocity Of five W.,,gO,,S ,.‘Og,,,h,,,.’ aCC,,,.,,,,_J_,y ,,,kC,., Eng  ,,._, ,0 Q 0 m ,n
Wes eh-eekefh The gfehhe Wee e0hee' with their load, amounted to 30.65t., and  E 5     
flhehhl’ hhh"’«V°h1'eh1e_fel” experhhehlea “he including the weight of ten persons, not ”"‘ u .5
made the friction appear rather more con- Weighed with 11131,,’ to 3131,,’ or to (;_2(;,_ =5 S-
siderablc than it re ally was. Per ca1-1-iaqe_ ;. 3,, E!‘ 8 8 : 5;, E;
T he We;-‘;."0hS Used fer the experhnehlls The niicldle of the train having been, -8 E Q3 H H "l "' ‘V I
are of me fehewlhg‘ eeheh'heheh- Their’ carefully placed facing the starting point; E E, :2
eehelet Of 3 Simlhe l3h“f01'lha ShPP01'iee 0h on the plane, and the engine being taken Z 73 ,2
fem‘ ePrh1g5- Their wheels are three feet away, the brakes were taken off all at; g,
in diameter, and fastened to the axletree Once, at 9, given Sigma}, and the five wag-‘ .3
which “h'hS. With 1-hehl T he hedy eflhe ons were left to their gravity on the plane. ' ' “Sf
eerhlege rests UPO1‘-the e-Xleheeez but Out" They continued their motion till 33 ft., _ be- *5.
Slde the Wheels; -the‘ 1S~t0.ee«Ya that the beyond post No. 30, having thus run a"to- §
axles ere Prolonged l3h1'°h8'hh1_e.h€We: hl tal distance of 9933 feet, with a differeiice. ,__; S _ H-
: Hi! > {>-

order -to support the 'carriage. ' ‘At the
bearing they are turned down to 1% inches
in diameter. The chair is made of brass
at the bearing-point. In its upper part it
contains grease, continually feeding upon
theaxle through a hole in the chair, and
the waste of which is prevented by a cover
on the underside of the chair. The grease-
box, which is filled every morning, is suf-
ficient for the whole day. In the experi-
ments, no alteration whatever was made to
the usual disposition ; every thing was left
as it is in the daily work,as well in regard to
the wagons as to the rails. Among the
wagons there are some, the extremity of
the axle of -which, instea.d’of being from
one end to the other of an uniform diame-
ter of 13*, inches, is thickened near the
frame of the carriage by three eighths of
an inch, and is on the contrary diminished
as much at the other end. Consequently,
that part of the axle is composed of three
cylindrical parts equal in length, and the di-
ameters of which are, 2%, 19,, and 1%
inches.

‘ This disposition is adopted, in order to
leave the mean diameter as it was at first,
but to give, however, a greater strength to
the point which appears to suffer the most.

of level, between the points of departure
and arrival, of 38.55 feet.
By recurring to the principle laid down
above, we had, in this experiment, .r-iv:
9933 feet, :6: 38.55 feet and the friction
33.55 _1_ ,
 01‘  0
Consequently, the friction of a ton was
It. 2240 lbs.

~Q—5-8—_.———Q—t?.—~8.69 lbs.
however, included the resistance of the
air, and was augmented by the above-men-
tioned circumstance, of the passage of nine
switches at the foot of the plane. .

II. After this first experiment, 300 bricks

was the the weight».

This friction,

The Wagon, No. 100, at the moment it
arrived, had one of its axle-boxes very hot,
whir:.h.oxplains why it did not continue its
motion as far as the others, though equal-
ly loaded. The empty wagon was very
low, being formed only of a platform sur-
rounded by an open railing.

According to these experiments, each of
the loaded wagons, taken separately, had
an average friction of 11.3 lbs. per ton ; and
those same five wagons, united together in
a train, had only a friction of 9.17 lbs. per
ton. The difi°erence in favor of a greater

number, of carriages was evidently owing ,

were taken out of 4 each of the wagons. -
The weight of 100 of those bricks having,
been carefully taken, and found to be 8551
lbs. 3 this was, consequently, an alleviation,
of 2,565 lbs. or 1.145t. for each carriage.
The weight of the five loaded wagons, in-
cluding the same 10 persons,arnounted thus
to 25.5St. or 5.12t. for the average weight
of each of them.

In this state the wagons were brought
back to the same starting point as at first,
and left again to their gravity on the plane.
They continued their motion until 84 feet
beyond the post No. 28, having gone

'I‘;har<3e1'e,1teverthe1ess, but few axletrees

tlircugh Ft total distance of 9324 ft. on e

to; the resistance of the.air,. the effect of.
which only takes place on the first“car1'iage.'-
If the train is composed of only one wagon,

that one must bear alone the whole resist-

ance, but if it is compo sed of several, the

resistance of the air remaining the same, is

divided between all the wagons, and be-

comes consequently less peecestible on each

of them. The same effect may be ob-

served in the first experiment compared

with the second. The number of car-

riages was the same in both, but the first

train being more heavy, the resistance of
air was distributecl between a grower‘ aunt-

her of tons._ '