EMENTS.

‘der will be this ; the young leaf which takes the long

deaths throughout these countries from 1,900,000 to

l hitherto, almost exclusevely, either unhappy in their

diated wife of Napoleon; Bloody Queen Mary; and

- career is most remarkable ofall——Maryna Mniszech,

_ destiny.

v whomthe father ef Maryna contracted his daughter

' tained for each other, ripened into a strong natural

' 'per.'s fate was sealed, doubts were raised as to the
V .legitimacy of the claims of the new Czar : his preten.

, against him,and the unhappy man was murdered in

wwhoytheyi stated, was her supposed murdered hus.
3‘ban‘d,jr.ec_overed from his.wounds. Being led into his
-zpresence, she was struck with amazement and dis.
 g.ust,=a~t beholding a loathsome, vile and ill-looking

rescued a young and helpless maiden.

Ache success of her husband, had proclaimed himself

%1_

not pass the third sieve forms hyson skin. _The teas
then undergo‘ the process of firing, in an iron pan,
at a‘ great‘ degree of heat, which gives the leaves a
tighter twist, and brings them up to their color--—
The tea which passes the first sieve is then put into
a winnowing machine, and the fan blows out the
light leaf at the farther end, the larger broken leaf at
shorter distance. The heavier teas, as the gunpow-
der and hyson, falls nearer to or further from the
liopperfijaccording to the gravity, and are then separ.
atcd by the winnowing machine. When fairly made,
the difference between young hyson and the gunpow-

anvooamis on :IN'I‘E.RNAL<IMPROV

twist, will form the young hyson, and that which
takes the round twist will form the gunpowder.-
[Baltimore American.]

Life Prolonged by Cinilization.—If we collect
England, Germany, and France, in one group, we
find that the average term ofmortality which, in that
great populous region, was formerly one in thirty
people annually, is not at present more than one in
thirty eight. This difference reduces the nuntiberof

less than 1,200,000 persons; and 700,000 lives, or
one in eighty three annually, owe their preservation
to the social ameliorations effected in the three coun-
tries of western Europe whose efforts to obtain this
object have been attcndedwith the greatest success.
The life of man is thus not only embellished in its
course bythe advancement of civilization, but is ex-
tended.by it and rendered less doubtful. The effects
of the amelioration of the social condition are to re-
straintand diminish, in proportion to the population,
the annual number of births, and in a still greater de-
green that of deaths : on the contrary, a great number
ofbirths, equalled or even exceeded by that of deaths,
issacharacteristic sign of a state of barbarisni. In
the former case, asman in a mass reach’ the plenti-
tude of their physical. and social developement, the
population is»strong,_intelligent, and manly; while
itramains in perpetual infancy, whole~.generations
are swept off without being able to profit by the past,
-—to bring social economy to perfection.--[Philosm
phieal Journal.]

 

[From the London Spectataia]
Manama JUNO'I"S CELEBRA'1‘ED WoMun.——The
subject of these biographical notices have been

destiny or unamiable in their dispositions. The
Third Number contains the memoirs and portraits of
Charlotte Corday, the lovely and misguided mur-
deress of Marat; Josephine, the amiable and repu

a personage less familiar to the reader, and whose

s. Polish lady, who became Czarina of Muscovy.-.,

The adventures of this woman belong to the" ro-
mance of biography. Her father was an ambitious
man, whose ruling passion was flattered by a fortune-
teller predicting that his daughter, thena child,
should wear a crown. From that moment the idea
took possession of his brain; and he not only antici-
pated the fulfilment of the prediction, but hadlhis
«daughter reared up in the expectation of her high
It is scarcely to be wondered that the girl
also‘ became inoculated with this fever of ambition;
but that-they should have ultimately accomplished
the object" for which alone they lived, is strange.
Their diseased aspirations found a congenial subject
in the personof an impostor, who pretended to, be
Dmitry, the murdered son of Ivan the Fourth ; with

in marriage, on condition of his obtaining possession
of the usurped throne of Muscovy. The artificial
sympathy which these two deluded creatures enter-

affection; and the overthrow of the usurper and the
accession of the pretended rightful heir to the throne
of Ivanrealized their drama ofgreatness. Their feli-
city was, however, shortlived. So soon as the usur-

sions would not bear scrutiny; plots were formed

the Kremlin. The-subsequent career of his widow
-affords anextraordinary instance of the predominance
of the ruling passion. On her way to her native
country, she was captured by the troops of amen

Jew-a brute from whose violence she had formerly
This wretch
stimttlsted only by desire of gain,and encouraged by

the murdered Czar: who was thus represented to
have twice miraculously escaped the (taggers 0f‘.lllS
enemies. The very extravagance of his pretensions
seems to have aided his success; or the people wcrc
so eager for a Czar, that they grasped at the shadow
of a sovereign. The Jew was at the gates of Mes.
cow,,backed by a victorious band of followers ; and
only wanted the assistance of Maryna to accomplish
his object. Urged by her lather’s entreatics, and
stimulated by her own thirst for power, she con-
sented to be a party to the trick, and publicly acknow-
ledged the hateful Jew as her identical husband.
She soon found, however, that the irnpostor sought
money only, and not command,.and that he had
seized upon the vacant throne only to sell his abdi-
This she resolved if possible to prevent.
Scornfully upbraiding him, she said, “Thou shalt
either reign, or die ;" and kept a strict guard upon
At last, in the confusion of a
battle thatiensued, the wretch contrived to escape,
but Maryna, now mad for sovereignty, disguised
herself as a soldier, pursued, and brought him back.
In defence of her tlirono, she perfortned prodigies of
valor; but was at length taken and condemned to
death. The very night before her intended execu-
tion,she was liberated by one of her countrymen,who
had loved her from a youth, and had followed her
through all the vicissitudes of her fortune. She
became his wife, and at the same time mistress of a
horde of Cossacks, of which he was the Chieftain.
Not contented with apredatory rule,sl1e planned and
achieved the conquest of Astracan; where
short time she once more reigned over a kingdom.
But here too her power was of short duration; she
was attacked and defeated by the Russians in a
pitched battle: and escaping only with life, wandered
with her husband and her infant over the frozen
steppes of the Oural Mountains; where the misera-
ble group perished by the hands of atroop ofsoldiers,
and found a grave in the snowy desert,
not furnish a more fearful lesson upon the miseries of
false ambition, than in the life of this wretched
woman; who but for her fathcr’s folly might have
equally adorned the world by her talents and her

cation.

all his

movements.

beauty.

The portraits that accompany the large edition
of these memoirs, are beautiful and spirited speci-
mens of French lithography.
er series, are not only inferior in point of execu-
tion, but the faces are unlike, and deficient in char-

3.6181‘.-

One of the sweetest things that Cralib ever wrote, is the fol
lowing song of a heart-broken maid, cracked by the pertitly of
her lover, and sighing gently to be at rest. The melody of the
numbers is faultless, and beautifully harrnonizes with the
graceful pathos of the subject :—-[Sketches of late English

Pot-ts.]

Let me nothave this gloomy view
About my room, about my bed,
But morning roses, wet with dew,
To cool my burning brows instead ;
As flowers that once in Eden grew,
Letthcm their fragrant spirits shed,
And every day their sweets renew
Till I, a fading flower, am dead.

Olct the herbs I loved to roar
Give to tnv sense their perfumed brcntli!
Let them be placed about iriy bier, ‘
And grace the gloomy house of death.
I’ll have my grave beneath a lilll,
Which only Lucy’s self shall knew,
Where runs the pure pcllucid rill
Upon its gravelly bed below :
There violets on the borders blow,
And insects their soft light display,
Till, as the morning sunbeums glow,
The cold phosphoric tires decay,
That is the grave to Lucy shown ;
The soil it pure and silver sand,
The green cold moss about it grown
Unplucked of all but maiden band,
In virgin earth, till then unturned,
There let my maiden form he laid;
Nor let my clittngetl clay be spiirnt-,tl,
Nor for new guests that bed be made.
There will the lark,Ihc lamb, in sport,
In air, on earth. securely play;
And Lucy to my grave resort,
As innocent, but not so gay,
I will not have the churchyard ground,
With bones all black and ugly grown,
To press my shivering body round,
Or on my wasted limbs be thrown.
With ribs and skulls I will not sleep
In clammy beds of cold blue clay,
Through which the ringed earth-worms creep,
And on the shrouded bosom prey.
Iwill not have the bell proclaim
When those sad marriage rites begin,
And boys, without regard or shame,
Press the vile inouldering masses in.
Say not, it is beneath my care,—

I cannot these cold truths allow;
Tlicse thoughts may not afillct me there,
But 0! they vex and tease me now!

Raise not a turf, nor set a stone,
That man a maiden‘s grave may trace,

But thou, my Lucy, come alone, ‘
And let affection find the place!

History does

Those in the small-

~:?es7

,   ,, _..,.,.....g._,;u_.-.LI.1..._1_.- ..-..,~._-._.__ g__
T RAILROAD AND CANAL MAP.

IIIS long promised Map is now ready forthose who wish
lt. lts size is :54 by 40 inches. It is put up in acoiiv;cnicntpsc~
kct form, in morocco covers, and accompanied by over 70 pages
of letter press, giving a concise description of, or reference to,
each ltoad and Canal delineated on the Map. It will also be put
up in Jllarblc Paper covers, so as to be forwarded by mail to agigv
purl. of the country; the postage of which, cannot exceed ,
and prob-.ibly_not25 cents, to any part of the county.

Published at 35 Wall street, N. Y , by

AIQIF D. K. MINDR&.l. E. CHALLIS.

SUR.VEY0R_S9 INSTRUBIENTS.

§' Compasses el various sizes and or superior quality
warranted. ,
Icvelitig Instruments, large and small sizes. withliigli mag-
ntlymgpowcrs with glasses niatlc by Troughton, together with
ll.lU.l'gb‘ll.S80l'Ll'1lCfll. of Engineering lnstrntncnts, manufacturetl
and sold by E. 8: G. W. BLUNT, 154 Water street,
.1316: corner of Maidenlane.

PATENT HAMMERED SHIP, BOAT, AND
RAILROAD SPIKES.

§]:§= Railroad Spikes ofcvcry description required, made at
the Albany Spike Factory.

Spikes made at the above Factory are recomniendetl to the
public as su erior to any thing ol the kind now in use.

Ship and out Spikes matte full size under the head. so as
not to admit water. -

Orders may be adtlressetl to Messrs. ERA STUS CORNING
St 00., Albany, or to THOMAS TURNER, at the Factory,
Troy, N. Y. sept. 13 ly

RAILWAY. IRON.
Flat Bars in

{Eff Ninety-five tons of 1 inch by 1; inch, 1 lttngtlisoll-lto15
200 do. 1} do. -k do. | !t.-etcounter sunk

40 do. lg do.  do. Lholes, endscntut
- .800 do. 2 do. i do , an»anglcof4.'3de-
800 do. 2;} do. ff (lo. I grees with spli-

Icing plates, nails
J to suit.
250 tlo.ofEd;:c Railsof 36 lbs. per yard, with the requisite
chairs, keys and girls.

Wrought Iron line of 30, 33, and 36 inches diameter for
Wheels of Railway Cars, and of 60 inches diameter for Loco-
motive wheels
Axles of 2;, 2 , 23, 3, 13, 3:1, and 3; inches diameter for Rnil~
wayCars and Locomotives of patent iron.
The above will be sold free ofduty, to State Governments
and Incor-poratetl Governments, and the Drnwback taken in
partpaynicnt. A. & G. RALSTON.

9 South Front street, Philadelphia.

Models and samples ofallthe different kinds ol'Rails, Chairs,
Pins, Wedges, Spikes, and Splicing I’lates,.in use, bothin this
country and GreatBritain, will be exhibited to those disposed to
examine them. d71mcowr

. TO RAILROAD COMPANIES. T

{Kr Tliesubscriber having erected extensive machinery for
the inauufacturc oftlic Iron Work for Railroad Cars, and hav

ing made arrangements with Mr. Phineas Davis, patentce of
the celebrated wire chilled wheels, will enable him to lit up at
short notice any number of cars which may he wanted.

The superiority ofthc above Wheels has been fully tested
on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, where they have been in
constant use for seine months past. I-laying titted up Wheels
for six hundred Unis, the subscriber flatter:-. hiinselftlint he can
execute orders in the above line to the satisfaction of persons
requiring such work. The location of the shop being on the
tide-waters ot‘—tbe Gliesapcake Bay, will enable him to ship the
work to any ofthc Atlantic ports, on as reasonable terms as
can be offered by any person. All orders will be executed with
despatcli, and the work warranted. When there are but a few

soon expected.

setts wanted, the chills and patterns are to be furnished, or the
. -co_mpany pay the expense of making the same," and It‘ required,
-: will be: sent; with the wheels.

All Wheels furnished and fitted
by the subscriber will have no extra charge on account of the
patent right.

Samples of the above Wheels, which have been broken to
show their superiority, mtiy be seen at the office ofthe Railroad
Journal-; at the Dcpotof the Boston and=I’rovidencc Railroad,
B.ostou.; and at John Arnold's shop, near the Broad -street
House, ,Bliiladelpliia., All orders directed to J. W. & E. PAT-
TERSON, Baltimore, or to the subscriber, Joppa Mills, Little
Gunpowder Post-Otlicc, Baltimore countv,. Maryland, wil
be vattended to. ‘ ‘DEAN WALKER. a 3

LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES.
.§)i?‘.'-'I‘HE AMERICAN S'.l‘EAh'l CARRIAGECOMPANY,
OF PHILADELPHIA, respectfully inform the. public, and es-
pecially Railroad and Transportation Companies, that they
have become sole proprietors of certain .it1iproyetneiits in the
construction ofLoconiotive Engines. and other railway car-
riages, secured to Col. Stephen ll. Long, of the United States
Engineers, by letters patent from the United States, and that
tlicyarc prepared to execute any orders for the construction or
Locomotive Etigincs, Tenders, kc. with which-they may be
favored, and pledge themselves to a punctual compliance with
any engagements they may make in refcr.».:.'.e to this line at

, business.

They have alrendyin their possession the requisite appara-
us for the construction of three classes of engincs,viz. en-
gincs weighing four, five, and six tons.

The engines made by them will be warranted to travel at the
following rates of speed, VIZ. a six ton engine at a speed of 15
miles per hour; alive ton engine are speed of 18 miles per
hour; a four ton engine at a speed of 22 1-2 miles per hour.

I Their performancein other respects will be warranted to equal

that of the best Eriglisli engines of the same class,-witltrespect
not only to their etficiency i-n the conveyance of burthens, but
to their durability, and the cheapness and facility of their re-
ptttrs. r '
Tne engines will be adapted to the use of antltraclte coalu
plnegivood, coke, or any other fuel hitherto used in locomotive
engines. ' l
The terms shall be quite as favorable, and even more mode-
rate, than those on which engines of the same class can be
procured from abroad. i
All orders for engines, «Sac. and.otber,oemmunicatinns in re-
t't-.rcnce to the subject, will be addressed to the subscriber, is the
city of Philadelphia, and.sha'1l receive proniptattention.
By order of the Coingvnrty,
I . ILLIAM NORRIS, Secretary.
December 2d,'l833. >

Fr further information on this subject see No. 49, pagan

7'72, Vol. 2, of Railroad Journal.