Congressional Research Service

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: Clean Air Act provisions to protect national parklands; Maria H. Grimes, Specialist, Environment and Natural Resources Policy, CRS 85-1013 ENR "October 15, 1985." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Clean Water Act; At the end of the last session of Congress, Congress overwhelming approved reauthorization of the Clean Water Act. President Reagan, objecting to the cost involved, vetoed the legislation. The Act was promptly reintroduced at the beginning of the 100th Congress and again overwhelming passed by both Houses of Congress, vetoed again by President Reagan, and subsequently passed by both Houses of Congress by sufficiently large margins to override the veto. This Overviews presents editorial commentary on the reauthorization of the Clean Water Act, the President's veto, and whether or not the Act should be reauthorized over President Reagan's objections., Where Clean Water Act Funds Would Go (New York Times) -- Editorials. Atlanta Constitution [Georgia] ; (Baltimore) Sun [Maryland] ; (Bergen) Record [New Jersey] ; Birmingham News [Alabama] ; Chicago Tribune [Illinois] ; Christian Science Monitor [Massachusettes] ; (Cleveland) Plain Dealer [Ohio] ; Des Moines Register [Iowa] ; Detroit Free Press [Michigan] ; Hartford Courant [Connecticut] ; Kansas City Times [Kansas] ; (Little Rock) Arkansas Gazette ; (Long Island) Newsday [New York] ; Miami Herald [Florida] ; Minneapolis Star and Tribune [Minnestoa] ; Milwaukee Tribune [Wisconsin] ; (Nashville) Tennessean ; (New Orleans) Times-Picayune [Louisiana] ; New York Times ; Philadelphia Inquirer [Pennsylvania] ; (Portland) Oregonian ; St. Louis Pos-Dispatch [Missouri] ; Salt Lake Tribune [Utah] ; Seattle Post-Intelligencer [Washington] ; Seattle Times [Washington] ; Washington Post ; Wichita Eagle-Beacon [Kansas], This Overviews was compiled by Adrienne Grenfell. Ann Eschete was responsible for this production of the editorials; Marsha Cerny oversaw the production of the publication., CRS 87-86 L, "January 1987.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Commercial television; This report examines the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) policy governing children's programming practices on commercial networks. It discusses the calls for formal FCC standards by consumer groups, and FCC support of industry self regulation. Constitutional implications related to First Amendment rights of broadcasters are also discussed, along with the role played by Congress in its attempt to resolve the apparent impasse between the parties., Abstract -- Introduction -- History and Background. Industry Changes in Children's Programming Guidelines -- Federal Communications Commission's 1974 Children's Television Report and Policy Statement. ACT's Response to the 1974 Children's Policy Statement ; The 1979 Children's Television Task Force -- Congressional Action Regarding Quantification Standards for Children's Televisions -- Summary Observations -- Appendix: Federal Communications Commission: A Children's Programming Fact Sheet., CRS 84-663 E, "June 6, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Commission on executive, legislative and judicial salaries; Abstract -- Introduction -- Membership -- Staff Support -- Funding -- Commission's Responsibilities -- President's Responsibilities -- Congress' Responsibilities -- Amending Legislation -- Salary Rate Recommendations., The Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries is activated every four years for the purpose of studying the compensation available to top officials of the U.S. Government. The enabling legislation for this Commission has been substantially amended several times. This report provides a topical history of the Commission. It discusses the responsibilities of the Commission, the President, and the Congress. Membership, funding, and staff support are also discussed. The closing section of the report contains tables showing various Commission's recommendations, those of the President, and the disposition of the Presidential recommendations. The five tables at the end of the report present the following salary rate data: 1) salary in effect when Commission met; 2) Commission salary recommendations; 3) President's salary recommendations; and 4) information on whether the President's recommendations went into effect. [N.B. No summary is provided for this report because it is not conducive to being succinctly or usefully summarized.] For companion CRS reports see: Paul E. Dwyer and Frederick H. Pauls, A Brief History of Congressional Pay, CRS Report No., 86-1022 GOV, November 24, 1986 and, by the same authors, A Brief Report on Congressional Pay, CRS Report 86-1051 GOV, December 29, 1986; CRS Report 86-1004 GOV, Rate of Increase of Selected Public and Private Wages and Public Pensions Compared with Change in Consumer Price Index, 1969-1987, by Frederick H. Pauls, Paul E. Dwyer, Kirk Brown and Roger Walke, November 20, 1986; and, Federal Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Compensation, Report No. 86-1021 GOV, December 30, 1986, by James P. McGrath., Sharon S. Gressle, Analyst in American National Government, Government Division, CRS 86-1050 GOV "December 30, 1986" "Updated January 8, 1987" SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Common questions about the U.S. dairy program; Geoffrey S. Becker, Analyst, Environment and Natural Resources Policy Division, CRS 83-628 ENR, "December 2, 1983.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Community services block grants; The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) program began in FY 1982, replacing the Community Services Administration (CSA), a former independent executive branch agency. CSA itself had succeeded the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), a key component of the War of Poverty in the mid-1960s. Most of the local antipoverty agencies which operated under OEO still are functioning under the Community Services Block Grant program. The 98th Congress is considering legislation to reauthorize the CSBG. This paper explains the history the antipoverty program, provides budget information and current program data, and discusses the pending legislation., Abstract -- Introduction -- Brief History -- The Community Services Block Grant Act -- Budget -- Program Data -- Reauthorization -- Appendix: State Allotments of CSBG Funds, FYs 1983 and 1984., CRS 84-657 EPW, "May 30, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Community-based long-term care; The growth of the elderly population, combined with rising expenditures for institutional long-term care services, has generated interest in strengthening community-based services for the sick and disabled and in altering the way in which these services are organized and financed. Studies have shown that community-based health and social services can be effective in reducing institutionalization and improving longevity and patient satisfaction. However, the overall costs associated with community-based long-term care remain unknown, as does the number of persons potentially in need of such services. In some cases, costs for such care may exceed amounts spent for the equivalent level of institutional care., Richard Price, Specialist in Social Legislation, and Carol O'Shaughnessy, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 84-733 EPW, "August 17, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparable worth and equal pay; This compilation presents editorials printed during January 1, 1984 to January 7, 1985 on comparable worth and equal pay. The editorials represent all those appearing on that subject in 55 newspapers monitored by the Congressional Research Service. The editorials are arranged by region (East, South, Midwest and West) to illustrate the concerns and responses in various parts of the country, and chronologically within each regional section. In addition, several articles, presenting press coverage of the issues, introduce the compilation and provide background information., Sherry B. Shapiro, Senior Bibliographer, Government and Law., CRS 85-575 L, "February 22, 1985.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparative energy risk assessments; This report discusses the major factors which have made, and continue to make, the comparison of risks from different energy sources a difficult task. In particular, it addresses six areas of fundamental difficulty in making such comparisons. These areas include--portion of the fuel cycle included, technologies to be used, level of technology, assumptions of market penetration and siting, allocations between energy and non-energy risks, and comparing dissimilar risks. The report illustrates the magnitude of the problems of risk comparison by demonstrating the range of results obtained from some of the major energy risk assessments. A compilation of recent major energy risk assessments and energy risk comparisons in both the U.S. and other countries is also included., Abstract -- Introduction -- Analytical Difficulties. What portions of the Fuel Cycle Are/Should Be Incorporated in the Computation of Total Risk? ; What Technologies Are/Should Be Used to Compute the Risk From Each Source? ; What Level of Technology Should Be Used to Compute Risks for Each Energy Source? ; Should the Same Market Penetration, Siting, and Other Factors be Assumed for Each Technology? ; How Should Risks Be Allocated Between Energy and Non-Energy Sectors ; How Does One Compare Apples and Oranges? -- Conclusion -- Appendix I: References., Gail H. Marcus, specialist in Science and Technology, Science Policy Research Division, CRS 85-730 SPR, "May 2, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Comparison of 98th Congress bills proposing enterprise zones, revitalization areas, or job expansion areas; This comparison shows the main features of the Administration's enterprise zone bills, and of the several bills that have been introduced in the 98th Congress as alternatives. These are the bills that have been the subject of hearings. H.R. 1735 (Mitchell) and S. 634 (Hart et al.) are companion bills emphasizing participation by residents and community organizations in Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOP's) and General Stock Ownership Corporations (GSOC's). H.R. 2375 (Nowak) includes provisions for extension of the Economic Development Administration programs and increased activity by the Small Business Administration, in addition to the tax incentives featured in the other bills., Charlotte Breckenridge, Analyst in Regional Economics, Economics Divsion, CRS 84-706 E, "July 30, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparison of leading Price-Anderson Act reauthorization vehicles at the close of the 99th Congress; The Price-Anderson Act creates a source of funds to cover liability resulting from a nuclear incident, and also limits liability per incident. Key elements of the Act expire August 1, 1987. This report offers side-by-side comparison of the leading reauthorization bills pending at the close of the 99th Congress., Robert Meltz, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 86-1013 A, "November 24, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparison of major provisions of selected bills on spousal impoverishment under medicaid; Concern has been expressed about the impact various Medicaid rules have on married couples when one member of the couple requires long-term nursing home care and the other spouse remains in the community. A number of bills have been introduced in the 100th Congress to address the impoverishment an elderly spouse in the community may experience as a result of Medicaid rules, when the other spouse becomes eligible for Medicaid as a nursing home patient. This paper compares the provisions of three so-called "spousal impoverishment" bills., Richard J. Price, Specialist in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 87-399, "May 1, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Comparison of state plant closing laws; As of March 1, 1983, at least 10 States had enacted "plant closing" laws. These laws take various forms. Some require businesses to notify workers in advance of a closing. Others require the State or businesses to provide such benefits as health insurance, severance pay, or reemployment assistance to displaced workers. Still others set up a program of assistance to help workers buy plants threatened with closure. This paper outlines and compares the provisions of these 10 State laws., Mary Jane Bolle, Specialist in Labor Economics, and Gerald E. Saunders, Reference Assistant, Labor Section, Econmics Division., CRS 84-556 E, "March 6, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparison of the Departments of Energy and Health and Human Services weatherization assistance programs; The Federal Government administers two weatherization programs designed to assist low-income households reduce the cost of home energy consumption: (1) the Department of Energy (DOE) Weatherization Assistance program and (2) the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Low-Income Home Energy Assistance program (LIHEAP), Weatherization Assistance Component. This paper summarizes the purpose, eligibility criteria, and relevant data and expenditures of these two weatherization programs., Evelyn Howard and Mary Pilote, Analysts in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, Updated by Joe Richardson and Mary F. Smith, Specialists in Social Legislation, Education and Public Welfare Division, CRS 87-235 EPW, "May 16, 1985." "Updated March 19, 1987.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Comparison of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended and H.R. 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985, as.. ...; This paper provides a title-by-title comparison and contrast of major current law provisions of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (PL 89-329), as amended, with thos of the reauthorizing legislation as passed by the House on December 4, 1985 and by the Senate on June 3, 1986: HR 3700, the Higher Education Amendments of 1985 and S. 1965, the Higher Education Amendments of 1986. After the Senate passed S. 1965, the House passed S. 1965 amended with the language of H.R. 3700 as passed by the House. Those who have contributed to this report want to express their appreciation to Nan Hill for her exceptional editorial skills and perseverance in preparing this report., David S. Osman, Specialist in Education, Susan Boren, Specialist in Education, Charlotte Fraas, Specialist in Social Legislation, Paul M. Irwin, Specialist in Education, K. Forbis Jordan, Senior Specialist in Education, Wayne C. Riddle, Specialist in Education, James Stedman, Specialist in Education, Education and Public Welfare Division., CRS 86-745 EPW, "June 26, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Comparison of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's groundwater protection strategies; Since 1979, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has expended considerable effort on developing an approach to protect groundwater from pollution. Because groundwater protection has traditionally been a right of the States, EPA sought to develop a groundwater protection strategy that would establish agency policy to protect groundwater under existing Federal statutes, but be sensitive to the rights and protection efforts of the States. EPA's efforts to prepare a groundwater strategy have been controversial and the strategy has been redrafted three times. This report compares and contrasts the three EPA groundwater strategies. EPA's executive summary of the proposed third version of the groundwater strategy is included in an appendix., Abstract -- Overview of EPA's Groundwater Protection Strategy Development -- Groundwater Strategy #1. Key Concepts ; Approach -- Groundwater Strategy #2. Key Concepts ; Approach -- Groundwater Strategy #3. Key Concepts ; Approach -- Comparison of the EPA Groundwater Protection Strategies -- Appendix I: A Ground-Water Protection Strategy for the Environmental Protection Agency, January 1984, Executive Summary -- Appendix II: Letters Exchanged Between Interior Secretary James G. Watt and Arizona Governor Bruce Babbitt on the EPA Groundwater Policy., CRS 84-528 ENR, "February 8, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Compilation of selected federal election laws relating to Iranian arms profits and political campaigns; This report essentially compiles various federal election laws that may have been violated if the allegations are true that certain profits from the sales of arms to Iran were diverted to federal political campaigns., Thomas M. Durbin, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 86-1040 A "December 16, 1986." SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Compilation of selected laws relating to the National Security Council,; National Security Council: Establishment and Functions -- National Security Act: Accountability for Intelligence Activities -- National Security Act: Funding of Intelligence Activities -- National Security Act: Notice to Congress of Transfers of Defense Articles -- Arms Export Control Act: Regulates All Arms Sales -- "Boland Amendment", 1986 ("Contras") -- "Boland Amendment", ("Contras") -- "Pell Amendment" ("Contras") -- Funding, Transfers, and Reprogramming -- Availability of Appropriation As to Purpose -- Augmentation of approapriations -- Unauthorized Expenditures -- Independent Counsel -- Federal Criminal Code (18 U.S.C.). Criminal Conspiracy (371) ; False Statements (1001) ; Obstruction of Committe Proceedings (1505) ; Obstruction of Criminal Investigations (1510) ; Witness Immunity ; Congressional Proceedings (6005) ; Immunity Generally (6002)., Recent allegations of wrongdoing in the course of arms transfers and the funneling of funds to support Contra forces in Nicaragua have raised questions regarding restrictions on such activities found in federal law. This report consists of a compilation of some of the laws which may have relevance to on-going investigations. The inclusion or exclusion of specific provisions is in no way intended to reflect a judgment as to their applicability to actual events., American Law Division, CRS 86-1028 A "November 26, 1986" "Revised December 5, 1986" SuDoc # LC 14. 18/3

: Concentration in the U.S. daily newspaper industry; This report discusses concentration in the daily newspaper industry. More specifically, section I examines various ways national concentration in the industry might be defined and measured. Sections II and III discuss the trends in group ownership and the number of U.S. cities with competing dailies. Section IV looks at some Federal laws and regulations that affect concentration in the industry. Finally, section V presents some concluding observations., Abstract -- Introduction -- National Concentration in the Daily Newspaper Industry. Concentration Ratios Based on the Value of Sales ; Concentration Ratios Based on Circulation ; Concentration Ratios Based on Ownership -- Group Ownership. Trends ; Summary of Causes and Effects -- Intracity Concentration. Trends and Causes ; Summary of Effects -- Public Policy -- Conclusion -- Appendix. Supplemental Newspaper Industry Data, R. Kevin Flaherty, Reference Assistant, Industry Analysis and Finance Section, Economic Division, CRS 84-636 E, "April 30, 1984.", "Revised July 10, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Congressional and state legislative redistricting and reapportionment; Thomas M. Durbin, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 85-857 A, "June 19, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Congressional power to require collection of state sales/use taxes by mail order firms; Thomas B. Ripy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 85-771 A, "May 14, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Constitutional analysis of HR 4628, the "Urban Homestead Act of 1986"; Charles V. Dale, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 86-809 A, "July 23, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Constitutional and statutory issues relating to the use of behavior modification on children in institutions; CRS 86-1000 A, "October 21, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Constitutionality of local hiring preference requirements in public contracts; Vincent E. Treacy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division., CRS 85-745 A, "May 2, 1985.", SuDoc# 14. 18/3

: Constitutionality of s. 2690, 99th congress, to require LTV corporation to continue retirees' benefits...; Vincent E. Treacy, Legislative Attorney, American Law Division, CRS 86-843 A, "August 11, 1986.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Corporate ownership of banks and savings institutions, and interstate banking; Financial developments in the 1980s have resulted in new ownership arrangements for depository financial institutions as well as new forms of interstate deposit-taking arrangements. Considerable interest exists in the pervasiveness of these arrangements. This report provides selected lists of corporate ownership of depository financial institutions and interstate banking in order to suggest the extent to which various forms of innovations have occurred and the firms involved; the listings are not necessarily comprehensive., Abstract -- Introduction -- Ownership of Nonbank Banks - Appendix to Federal Reserve testimony before the Senate Banking Committee, March 27, 1984 -- Interstate Banking by Banks and Thrift Institutions - Excerpts from the American Banker, April 3 and 4, 1984 -- Savings and Loan Holding Companies - Excerpts from the American Banker, November 14, 1983 -- Divestiture Under Various Possible Statutory Changes - Attachment to testimony of the American Bankers Association before a Subcommittee of the House Energy and Commerce Committee, April 5, 1984., F. Jean Wells, Specialist in Money and Banking, Economics Division., CRS 84-105 E, "June 1, 1984.", SuDoc# LC 14. 18/3

: Corporate tax reform and international competitiveness; Abstract -- Introduction and Summary -- Taxation and International Trade: A Theoretical Background. The Basic Equilibrating Mechanism ; Uniform Product Taxes ; Differential Product Taxes ; Uniform Factor Taxes ; Non-Uniform Factor Taxes -- A Simulation of the Trade Effects of Current Tax Proposals -- Appendix., This study assesses the effects of three tax reform proposals: the Administration's proposal, the House passed bill (H.R. 3838), and a proposal for a business transfer tax made by Senator William V. Roth on international competitiveness. The results suggest that the effects of these proposals will be relatively small and that international competitiveness is not a major issue in evaluating tax proposals., Jane G. Gravelle, Specialist in Industry Analysis and Finance, Economic Division., CRS 86-42 E "February 25, 1986." SuDoc #: LC 14. 18/3

: Counting migrant and seasonal farmworkers; The Federal Government currently supports several ... [illegible] farmworkers and their families. Yet, the number ... [illegible], Dennis M. Roth, Specialist in Labor Economics, Economics Division., CRS 85-797 E, "July 26, 1985."

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